Biological aging, left ventricular dysfunction and mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality by tertiles of KDMAge acceleration and PhenoAge acceleration. a KDMAge acceleration and all-cause mortality. b KDMAge acceleration and cardiovascular mortality. c PhenoAge acceleration and all-cause mortality. d PhenoAge acceleration and cardiovascular mortality.

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  Fig. 2. Graphs of the best-fitting models for relationships of KDMAge acceleration and PhenoAge acceleration with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. a KDMAge acceleration and all-cause mortality. b KDMAge acceleration and cardiovascular mortality. c PhenoAge acceleration and all-cause mortality. d PhenoAge acceleration and cardiovascular mortality. The blue columns represent the distribution density of the KDMAge acceleration and PhenoAge acceleration. The red dashed line represents HR = 1. The red solid line shows the HR value. The red shaded area represents the 95% CI. Restricted cubic spline regression model (3 knots) adjusted for sex, age, drinking, smoking, history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and stroke, use of lipid lowering medications, antihypertension medications, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin use. HR hazard ratios, CI confidence interval.

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  Fig. 3. Integrated view of biological aging, cardiac function, and mortality in in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. BA biological aging, LV left ventricular, LVMI left ventricular mass index.