Unravelling various genetic and molecular targets of prostate cancer: Mechanisms of progression, resistance, and emerging therapeutic strategies

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Prostate Cancer (PC) has emerged as a significant contributor to male mortality in Western countries, ranking fifth globally among male cancer-related causes of death. Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in men, often presenting asymptomatically in the earlier stages. According to GLOBOCAN 2022 estimates, there were approximately 1,467,854 new cases of prostate cancer and 397,430 related deaths worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates are primarily related to age because the highest incidences are seen in elderly patients (>65 years of age). The primary risk factors for PC include family history, genetics, infections, and inflammation, which can lead to dysuria, irritation in the pelvic area, joint pain, and erectile dysfunction, all of which are also diagnostic parameters for PC. Various molecular targets, including tumor suppressor genes, growth factors and their receptors, cannabinoid receptors, annexins, oxidative stress, NF-kB, and inflammation, are involved in the initiation, maturation, and progression of PC. Although no groundbreaking strategies have yet been found to prevent PC, these insights can pave the way for further research and open new avenues in the field of PC. This review focuses on molecular and pathophysiological biomarkers associated with PC progression, which may inform therapeutic strategies for its treatment. The objective is to delve into the molecular landscape of PC, offering valuable insights into future research and advancements in the field.