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Polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) composites containing graphene in an amount of somewhat less than 0.15 wt % exhibit third-order dielectric susceptibility due to the presence of graphene, as well as photoelectric and photorefractive sensitivity at 1064 nm. The photorefractive (PR) effect is known to occur in a polymer composite that possesses both photoelectric sensitivity and nonlinear optical properties. The photoelectric, nonlinear optical, and PR properties of PVK composites with graphene have been considered in this paper.
Гришина et al. (Fri,) studied this question.