Beyond Conventional Systems: How Solid-State Batteries Empower Energy Storage and Microgrid Development in Extraterrestrial Extreme Environments

The burgeoning commercial space sector demands next-generation energy systems that offer ultra-high specific energy, wide operational temperature ranges, intrinsic safety, and vacuum compatibility. These requirements severely challenge conventional lithium-ion batteries due to issues like electrolyte leakage and thermal instability. This perspective examines solid-state batteries (SSBs) as a potential solution, leveraging their inherent leak-proof design, superior thermal tolerance, and robust solid electrolytes. We suggest that SSBs could become a key technology for applications such as lunar surface operations, deep-space probes, and high-speed vehicles. By addressing certain limitations of current power sources, SSB technology may help shape the energy architecture for future space exploration and commercialization.