The Efficacy Gap and Political Participation: When Political Influence Fails to Meet Expectations

Journal Article The Efficacy Gap and Political Participation: When Political Influence Fails to Meet Expectations Get access Michael R. McCluskey, Michael R. McCluskey Michael R. McCluskey is a Lecturer at the Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, California State University, Fresno, USA. Sameer Deshpande is an Assistant Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Management, at the University of Lethbridge, Canada. Dhavan V. Shah is an Associate Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication, and Associate Professor in Political Science, at the University of Wisconsin Madison, USA. Douglas M. McLeod is a Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Address correspondence to Michael R. McCluskey, Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, California State University, 2225 E. San Ramon Avenue M/S—MF 10, Fresno, CA. 93740–8029, USA, E-mail: mmccluskey@csufresno.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sameer Deshpande, Sameer Deshpande Michael R. McCluskey is a Lecturer at the Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, California State University, Fresno, USA. Sameer Deshpande is an Assistant Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Management, at the University of Lethbridge, Canada. Dhavan V. Shah is an Associate Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication, and Associate Professor in Political Science, at the University of Wisconsin Madison, USA. Douglas M. McLeod is a Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dhavan V. Shah, Dhavan V. Shah Michael R. McCluskey is a Lecturer at the Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, California State University, Fresno, USA. Sameer Deshpande is an Assistant Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Management, at the University of Lethbridge, Canada. Dhavan V. Shah is an Associate Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication, and Associate Professor in Political Science, at the University of Wisconsin Madison, USA. Douglas M. McLeod is a Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Douglas M. McLeod Douglas M. McLeod Michael R. McCluskey is a Lecturer at the Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, California State University, Fresno, USA. Sameer Deshpande is an Assistant Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Management, at the University of Lethbridge, Canada. Dhavan V. Shah is an Associate Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication, and Associate Professor in Political Science, at the University of Wisconsin Madison, USA. Douglas M. McLeod is a Professor in Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Public Opinion Research, Volume 16, Issue 4, December 2004, Pages 437–455, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edh038 Published: 01 December 2004 Article history Received: 06 February 2004 Published: 01 December 2004