Detection of two antigenic subpopulations of A(H1N1) influenza viruses from pigs: Antigenic drift or interspecies transmission?

Serological analysis of a group of 63 influenza H1N1 viruses isolated from pigs in Italy in the period 1976-1988 revealed the presence of two distinct antigenic subpopulations: some viruses possessed a haemagglutinin indistinguishable from that of viruses typically associated with pigs, i.e., A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1), whereas others showed a close antigenic relatedness with the haemagglutinin of avian-like H1 viruses. These findings represent further evidence that influenza A viruses from avian species may be transmitted to mammals. The surface and internal proteins of some of these viruses were also analyzed biochemically to evaluate the molecular relatedness among viruses circulating in non-human hosts.