Using runtime execution artifacts to identify whether code is malware, and to which malware family it belongs, is an established technique in the security domain. Traditionally, literature has relied on explicit features derived from network, file system, or registry interaction [1]. While effective, the collection and analysis of these fine-granularity data points makes the technique quite computationally expensive. Moreover, the signatures/heuristics this analysis produces are often easily circumvented by subsequent malware authors.
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Mohaisen et al. (2013) studied this question.