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Web performance optimization services, or web performance optimizers (WPOs), play a critical role in today’s web ecosystem by improving page load speed and saving network traffic. However, WPOs are known for introducing visual distortions that disrupt the users’ web experience. Unfortunately, visual distortions are hard to analyze, test, and debug, due to their subjective measure, dynamic content, and sophisticated WPO implementations.
Yang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.