We examine the dynamic relationships between gold prices, stock price indices of gold mining companies and broad stock market indices. Evidence of cointegration between these variables is found. A vector error-correction model reveals that both gold and large-cap stock prices adjust to disturbances to restore the long-term relationship between the variables. Short-term unidirectional causal relationships are running from large-cap stock prices to gold mining company stock prices and from gold mining company stock prices to gold prices.
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Gilmore et al. (2009) studied this question.