Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Performance in Online Learning: A Mini Review

Recently, online learning has been broadened to support learners' learning processes. Attention has been given to academic self-efficacy (ASE) in educational psychology as an influential factor to enhance academic performance. Consequently, previous studies that have examined the relationship between ASE and online academic performance are reviewed and future directions discussed. Because there are limited findings to conduct a systematic meta-analysis on the relationship between ASE and academic performance in an online learning environment, a focused narrative review based on the previous findings are outlined. Finally, future directions, particularly in relation to similar and different aspects between a general learning and online learning environment are discussed.