Key result
VNS improves memory via hippocampal modulation, with optimal effects depending on timing, parameters, and sex.
Why the study?
Clinical and preclinical studies suggest vagus nerve stimulation can improve memory, but the underlying mechanisms related to the hippocampus and the impact of specific stimulation factors require review to optimize memory enhancement.
Does vagus nerve stimulation improve memory?
Does vagus nerve stimulation improve memory?
Vagus nerve stimulation may enhance memory through hippocampal mechanisms, with efficacy depending on stimulation parameters, timing, and sex.
VNS for memory enhancement remains investigational; leaves open need for parameter-optimized, sex-stratified RCTs before clinical use.
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been recognized as a useful neuromodulation tool to target the central nervous system by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. Activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brainstem by vagal afferent nerve fibers allows for modulation of various higher order brain regions, including limbic and cerebral cortex structures. Along with neurological and psychiatric indications, clinical and preclinical studies suggest that VNS can improve memory. While the underlying mechanisms to improve memory with VNS involve brain areas, such as the prefrontal cortex and processes including alertness and arousal, here we focus on VNS-induced memory improvements related to the hippocampus, the main area implicated in memory acquisition. In addition, we detail research demonstrating that a targeted approach to VNS can modify memory outcomes and delve into the molecular mechanisms associated with these changes. These findings indicate that a greater understanding of VNS mechanisms while also considering stimulation parameters, administration site, timing in relation to training, and sex-specific factors, may allow for optimal VNS application to enhance memory.
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Olsen et al. (2023) conducted a review in Memory enhancement. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was evaluated on Memory improvements. Vagus nerve stimulation improves memory via hippocampal modulation, with optimal enhancement depending on stimulation parameters, administration site, timing, and sex-specific factors.
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