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The construction industry, generating significant goods and services annually, remains one of the least digitalized sectors globally, with Malaysia’s construction industry particularly dependent on manual labor. This study investigates the implementation opportunities and challenges of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Malaysia’s construction industry to enhance productivity and efficiency. Through a mixed-method approach, the research combines qualitative data from 20 semi-structured interviews with quantitative analysis of 200 survey responses from construction professionals. Structural Equation Modeling identified four key opportunity categories: Site Surveying, Site Inspection, Constructing and Repairing, and Enhancing Manpower, Materials, and Machinery (3M) Coordination. The analysis revealed that Constructing and Repairing (0.62) showed the strongest influence on UAVs implementation, followed by Enhancing 3M Coordination (0.61). Five primary challenges were identified: Safety Concerns (0.74), Cost Challenges (0.69), Technical Difficulties (0.61), Regulation Factors (0.53), and Environmental Factors (0.47). The study developed a comprehensive framework for UAVs implementation in construction, highlighting critical success factors and barriers. Future research opportunities include investigating long-term economic impacts through longitudinal case studies and examining UAVs integration with Building Information Modeling systems and Radio-Frequency Identification to optimize technological coordination between aerial data collection and digital modeling.
Tang et al. (2026) studied this question.