Inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (ITOLEDs) with high power efficiency and near-ideal emission characteristics are demonstrated by using the combination of the following: 1) an electron-injection layer composed of Cs 2 CO 3 , which lowers the turn-on voltage; 2) an electron-transporting layer with optimal electron mobility, which enhances the electron current and thus improves the carrier balance; and 3) a dielectric/metal/dielectric multilayer electrode that works as a damage-free top transparent anode optimized to achieve high efficiency and ideal emission characteristics. By this approach, ITOLEDs with power efficiency values of 3.8 and 30 lm W -1 are demonstrated in fluorescent and phosphorescent types, respectively, at a luminance value of 1000 cd m -2 with little distortion in spectral/angular characteristics.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Yun et al. (2011) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: