Dual-functional lactic acid/zinc chloride deep eutectic solvent pretreatment: simultaneous production of antioxidative lignin and high-performance hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Key Points

• The aim is to develop a dual-functional deep eutectic solvent for effective biomass conversion and valorization.
• Utilized lactic acid and zinc chloride as a deep eutectic solvent for pretreatment of lignocellulose.
• Performed chemical and physical characterization of lignin and carbon anodes produced.
• Assessed performance metrics of the resulting sodium-ion battery anodes.
• Produced antioxidative lignin with high purity and functional properties.
• Achieved high-performance hard carbon anodes with improved electrochemical characteristics for sodium-ion batteries.