Impact of an Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy Protocol on Achieving Target Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Intensive lipid-lowering therapy (ILLT) is crucial for preventing secondary acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, achieving target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels remains challenging in clinical practice. Methods and Results: This retrospective study included 534 patients with ACS who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between September 2016 and August 2022. The ILLT protocol, wherein ezetimibe and statins are prescribed, was introduced in September 2019. We compared the rate of achievement of the LDL-C target of <70 mg/dL at the first outpatient visit and the incidence of cardiovascular events during the 3-year observation period after PCI between the conventional therapy (n=226) and ILLT (n=308) groups. The ILLT group had a higher achievement rate than the conventional therapy group (71.8% vs. 48.7%; P=0.001). In the ILLT group, 17% of statin-naïve patients did not achieve the LDL-C target, and the cutoff value of LDL-C on admission for predicting non-achievement of this target was 146 mg/dL. Patients in the ILLT group showed a significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular events than those in the conventional therapy group (hazard ratio 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.97). Conclusions: Implementing the ILLT protocol using statins and ezetimibe helped achieve the target LDL-C level early in patients with ACS and may consequently improve prognosis. However, patients with LDL-C levels ≥146 mg/dL on admission may need more intensive treatment.