Summary An examination of the mean-square error properties of a class of shrinkage estimators for the normal regression model leads to a new derivation of the Hoerl–Kennard (1970) Ridge estimator and its generalization. Comparison is made with the James–Stein estimator, and with the generalized-inverse estimator proposed by Marquardt (1970). A Bayesian approach is noted.
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Goldstein et al. (1974) studied this question.
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