Unsupervised clustering of cardiac MRI data identified a high-risk ischemic cardiomyopathy phenotype (Cluster 2) that was associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared to a lower-risk phenotype (HR 3.96).
Cohort (n=319)
No
Unsupervised machine learning of CMR data in ischemic cardiomyopathy identifies distinct phenotypes that strongly predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes, highlighting the prognostic value of integrating multidimensional imaging parameters.
Effect estimate: HR 3.96 (95% CI 2.02-7.76)
p-value: p=<0.001
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) shows significant heterogeneity in clinical outcomes, challenging traditional risk stratification methods. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging offers detailed insights into myocardial structure and function, yet integrating this multidimensional data remains complex. Aim of the current study was to assess whether unsupervised machine learning could help identify distinct phenotypic subgroups and enhance prognostic accuracy. This study included 319 clinically stable ICM patients. CMR-derived variables, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), ventricular volumes, and myocardial scar burden, were analysed using KAMILA clustering algorithm. The optimal number of clusters was determined through silhouette analysis, within-cluster sum of squares, and gap statistics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) visualized the clustering results, and prognostic value was assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values were used to evaluate feature importance. Two distinct phenotypic clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 219) demonstrated better cardiac function, with higher LVEF, smaller ventricular volumes, and lower scar burden. Cluster 2 (n = 100) indicated advanced disease, with lower LVEF, larger volumes, higher scar burden, and greater midwall fibrosis. PCA confirmed clear separation between clusters, explaining 62.6% of the variance. After a median follow-up of 13 months, the composite endpoint was observed in 37 (12%) patients. Patients in Cluster 2 had a significantly higher risk of experiencing the composite outcome (HR = 3.96, p < 0.001). SHAP analysis identified ischaemic scar burden, sphericity index, and midwall fibrosis as key predictors of outcomes. Unsupervised clustering of CMR-derived variables identified distinct ICM phenotypes with important prognostic implications. This method improves risk stratification and could help tailor personalised treatment plans, highlighting the potential of machine learning in understanding ICM heterogeneity.
Nucifora et al. (Thu,) conducted a cohort in Ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=319). Cluster 2 (Advanced disease phenotype) vs. Cluster 1 (Better cardiac function phenotype) was evaluated on Composite of cardiovascular death, aborted sudden cardiac death, appropriate ICD therapy, heart failure hospitalisation, LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation (HR 3.96, 95% CI 2.02-7.76, p=<0.001). Unsupervised clustering of cardiac MRI data identified a high-risk ischemic cardiomyopathy phenotype (Cluster 2) that was associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared to a lower-risk phenotype (HR 3.96).