Aimea gen. nov. defines a novel plant-associated yeast genus in Microbotryomycetes with three novel species

Abstract Plant tissues and surfaces are among the largest microbial habitats on Earth, and commensal yeasts are common members of these communities, where they can contribute to plant-microbe interactions including the biological control of plant diseases. Here, we describe a novel genus, Aimea , of unpigmented, plant-associated basidiomycete yeasts, in the class Microbotryomycetes, and name three new species ( A. erigeronia , A. cardamina , and A. sorghi ) represented by four isolates from leaves and roots of multiple hosts. We characterize these taxa through analyses of metabolic requirements, tolerance to differences in osmolarity, pH, and temperature, and enzymatic activities. In parallel, we generate near-chromosome-scale hybrid genomes annotated with transcriptome data. We employ whole-genome and multilocus phylogenetic approaches to infer the placement of these species within a monophyletic clade. We use comparative genomics to examine how the gene content of these yeasts differs from that of other members of the Microbotryomycetes, including an apparent proliferation of retrotransposons. We further demonstrate the genetic transformability of these taxa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation. The description of these new species, together with high-quality genome resources and a genetic transformation protocol, establishes a foundation for experimental studies of these novel plant-associated yeasts and their interactions with hosts and other microbes.