Determination of the Composition of Glasses Produced at the Lava Factories by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy

Compositions of Russian glasses of the 18th century manufactured at state-own factories have almost not been investigated so far. This work presents the results of studies of the composition of glasses found in 2020 on the place of Lava Factories (1730–1760th). The composition of glasses was determined using complementary analytical methods: X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray electron probe microanalysis, and optical spectroscopy. The general type of glasses (K2O–CaO–SiO2) was revealed and also groups of glasses corresponding to various melting formulations were distinguished. The role of various functional additives to the studied glasses is discussed.