Confounding Factors Responsible for Elevated Lp(a) Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, motivating research into novel approaches for their management. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), a unique lipoprotein particle, has been implicated in atherosclerosis and thrombosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for CVDs. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the association of Lp(a) levels with various cardiovascular parameters and events among patients with confirmed cardiovascular disease. METHODOLOGY: A prospective study was conducted, enrolling 600 participants, predominantly comprising males (79%), with a mean age of 52.78 ± 0.412 years diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. The follow-up was done for 18 months. Patient demographics, blood investigations, and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were collected. SPSS version 21 was used to statistically analyze the relationships between elevated Lp(a) levels and factors such as age, glycated hemoglobin, mortality, MACE, cardiac death, target vessel revascularization, and stroke. RESULTS: The study revealed significant (P < 0.05) associations between elevated Lp(a) levels and advanced age, increased glycated hemoglobin levels, as well as occurrences of all-cause mortality, MACE, cardiac death, target vessel revascularization, and stroke. Notably, a significant (P < 0.05), association between high Lp(a) levels and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) emerged, suggesting Lp(a)'s role in advanced cardiac events. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the potential significance of Lp(a) as a notable risk factor in cardiovascular health. The observed associations between elevated Lp(a) and adverse cardiovascular events, including ACS, underscore its pathogenic role. Consequently, this study supports the rationale for further research into Lp(a)-specific therapeutic interventions, offering substantial promise in refining the management strategies for cardiovascular diseases.