Advances in the use of Radiomics and Pathomics for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy in tumors

• Currently, biomarkers for early assessment of neoadjuvant response are lacking. • Radiomics and pathomics offer new ways to refine neoadjuvant therapy strategies. • The integration of multi-omics represents an emerging area of research. • Challenges such as lack of interpretability and poor generalizability remain. Neoadjuvant therapy is widely used for treating malignant tumors, but its efficacy varies among patients. Currently, tools or biomarkers for early and accurate evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy are lacking. The advent of radiomics and pathomics offers new avenues for refining neoadjuvant therapy strategies and could provide high-performance predictive tools. The integration of multi-omics represents an emerging area of research. The introduction of radiopathomics offers innovative approaches to studying the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy. This article reviews the current developments in multi-omics integration, the advances in the use of radiopathomics to predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy, and the challenges faced by ongoing research.