Applying Human–Animal Social Bonds to HRI: Fostering Intimate Relationship with Mechanical Robots

To foster attachment to nonliving robots, previous studies have aimed at adding lifelike appearances and movements. In contrast, this study focuses on applying human–animal interaction to nonliving robots. We selected drones as a type of nonliving robot for their agility and potential to fulfill auxiliary roles in domestic environments in the future. In the experiment, we tested whether simulating pet–owner interactions can elicit a stronger emotional connection with these devices. Through experiments that mimic situations of training/nontraining, and playing with pets whose interests shift (fickle personality)/interest remain constant (sticky personality), the study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these interactive behaviors in enhancing attachment to drones. The results showed that when users recognize that the drone has trained enhances attachment toward the drone. In addition, playing with a drone of a fickle personality induced boredom, whereas a drone with a sticky personality promoted the exploration of new forms of play, mitigating boredom. Moreover, behaviors that attracted the drone gave the impression of interacting with a mammalian creature, while repelling the drone evoked perceptions akin to those of insects.