Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) constitutes the major inorganic hard tissues, such as bone and teeth. Various substitutions in the apatite structure have been developed for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as the bone repair and tissue regenerations; bioactive and/or antibacterial coating for medical devices, biomarkers or carriers in drug/gene delivery systems, and the biomagnetic agents for cancer treatment. In this review, the recent development on substituted HA was overviewed from the aspects of enhanced osteoconductivity and multifunctionality of mono- and multi-cationic and anionic substitutions.
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Jiang et al. (2019) studied this question.
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