The process of modernization involves changes in values as well as political and economic changes. One aspect of this change is the shift from a "prescriptive" to a "principal" type of value system, wich also seems to involve a differentiation of religion and ideology. In Turkey and Japan this transition was begun by religio-political movements, which challenged the traditional value system but were themselves in turn responsible for new problems.
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Robert Ν. Bellah (1958) studied this question.