Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Structural Aortic Valve Stenosis Procedures

Figures

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  Figure 1. Different types of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV): two-sinus BAV type (A); fused BAV type with right-left coronary cusp fusion (B); fused BAV with right-non coronary cusps fusion (C).

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  Figure 2. Aortic annulus sizing (maximum diameter, minimum diameter, area, and perimeter) with cardiac magnetic resonance using 3D steady-state free precession imaging by perpendicular reference axes of the analysis software (red, green and blue lines) on two orthogonal views of the aorta; short axis of the aortic annulus (left panel); coronal view of the aorta (top right panel); sagittal view of the aorta (bottom right panel).

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  Figure 3. TAVR patient with severe aortic regurgitation. Left ventricular outflow tract view, where the red line indicates where the 2D velocity-encoded measurement is performed (A); phase-contrast velocity mapping acquisition showing a magnitude image, where the anatomy can be assessed (B); and the velocity map, with aortic contours traced (red circle) (C); resulting flow curve from the phase-contrast analysis showing holodiastolic flow reversal consistent with severe aortic regurgitation (D). AA: ascending aorta, LA: left atrium, RA: right atrium, DA: descending aorta, PA: pulmonary artery).

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  Figure 4. Focal myocardial fibrosis assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (A). Diffuse myocardial fibrosis assessed by precontrast T1-time (1150 ms) (B).