For a long time in China a woman held a subordinate status only performing household and maternal duties. The society was influenced by a very strict patriarchy with deep and strong historical roots. The Chinese law stipulates the dominant position in a family to a husband. Apart from economic dependence, Chinese women in the society suffered from almost complete lack of rights in all spheres of life. Inheritance was built exclusively in the male line. In marriage, a woman was completely dependent on her husband, unmarried women were subordinate to their parents and relatives. A woman was forbidden to remarry in case her husband dies. Boys in a family were more respected than girls who were humiliated, and there was often a practice of selling them to other families. Women in a family were subjected to severe physical violence and pressure from their husbands and relatives. For many centuries, a woman has been in a subordinate status in a family and the society. The society was not interested in her inner world, feelings, desires. The status of women in patriarchal society was lower than that of men. This was the bitter, tragic fate of a woman, which was also reflected in the stories of Eileen Chang, a Chinese writer who in her works outlines her female characters and shows how a long-standing history of belittling women forces them to do certain things, as well as to look for ways to a new life, to a new status in the society.
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Marina Mikhailovna Alzheeva (2021) studied this question.