An Introduction to Motility-Induced Phase Separation

Active particles may undergo phase separation when interactions oppose self-propulsion, in the absence of any cohesive forces. The corresponding Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS) is arguably the simplest non-trivial collective feature that distinguishes active from passive particles. It is observed in a large variety of systems which we review in this chapter. We describe in depth the case of motile particles interacting via quorum-sensing interactions, whose theoretical framework is by now well-established. We close the chapter by discussing the features observed in systems undergoing MIPS that still challenge our understanding.