Measurements of voltage–current characteristics of a plasma needle and its effect on plant cells

In this paper we present voltage-current-power characteristics of a plasma needle operating in the flow of helium at atmospheric pressure. In addition, we show some examples of how such a plasma affects plant tissues. In the characterization of the plasma needle, current and voltage waveforms were recorded by two derivative probes. These two probes are similar to the probes previously used by Puac et al for measuring transmitted power in low pressure CCP rf discharge. The instantaneous power was calculated from current and voltage waveforms and U-I characteristics of the discharge were determined. Regimes of operation with and without the grounding ring at the tip of the needle were considered. We have chosen two model systems to study the effect of the plasma needle on plant cells and tissues: sweet fern gametophyte (prothallus) and calli produced in vitro. Since the prothallus consists of a single layer of cells, the cytological effects could be easily examined. In addition, calli and prothallus are easy to manipulate and in vitro culture provides a possibility to work under constant and controlled conditions.