Globalization is important as an opportunity to bring back the foreign as a significant factor in modern Chinese history and overcome some of the problems associated with exclusively China‐centered histories. This article focuses on the Chinese Maritime Customs to illustrate this point and to bring out the rich complexity of interactions between China and foreign countries. The century between 1850 and 1950 emerges not as one dominated by stagnation and decline but as one of great historical change and significance.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Hans van de Ven (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: