Farmer-reported use and barriers to adoption of biocontrol and biostimulants on Irish tillage farms

In response to increasing pressure to reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides, biological control and biostimulant products are being promoted as potential alternatives for more sustainable crop management. However, adoption of these products remains limited, particularly in Ireland, where no specific studies have investigated farmers’ reasons for adopting or not adopting these products. To begin to address this knowledge gap, this study surveyed 94 Irish tillage farmers (representing a production area up to 13,000 hectares) with an online questionnaire, to examine current perceptions, levels of adoption, and obstacles to wider use of biocontrol and biostimulant products. Overall, 65% of farmers reported using at least one such product, and 81% considered them useful in cropping systems, reflecting a perceived value. The most frequently cited barriers were lack of knowledge (38%) and absence of region-specific performance data (29%). To support realistic policy targets aligned with the European Union’s Farm to Fork Strategy, extensive local investigations are now needed to provide farmers with reliable, objective data on product effectiveness within Irish conditions. The study also highlights effective pathways for knowledge transfer, including leveraging advisors, specialist farming groups, and peer networks. By addressing information gaps and strengthening knowledge exchange — if products become available and are proven effective in specific crops and climatic regions then these findings offer guidance for integrating biocontrol and biostimulant solutions into integrated pest management systems and advancing more sustainable, reduced-pesticide farming practices. • Survey of 94 Irish tillage farmers on views and use of biocontrol and biostimulants • Farmers show positive views, but adoption of products remains limited • Lack of knowledge and local performance data are key barriers to further adoption • Advisors and farmer networks vital for expanding awareness of prospects and hurdles • Region specific evaluations are essential to identify viable pesticide alternatives