Demonstrates significant directional force in plasma propulsion, indicating potential for hypersonic applications.
This dataset accompanies the TOU (Toroidal Open-sector Unidirectional) Propulsion simulation study. A toroidal plasma-wave geometry was modified with a small asymmetric opening — roughly 11 degrees of the full ring — which causes the system to generate a measurable, repeatable directional force. The wall force result is statistically significant at 11.6 standard deviations, confirmed across 8 independent ensemble runs with a coefficient of variation under 2%. The mechanism does not require fuel combustion or an internal reaction mass. The reaction medium is the surrounding plasma sheath, making it relevant to hypersonic flight and space propulsion environments. The directional bias is geometric in origin — it arises from the topology of the torus itself, not from tuned parameters. Included: 9 core experiments (asymmetry sweep, damping control, noise sweep, ensemble seeds, rotation invariance, source position, phase reference fix, compression release, wall force measurement), 4 rigorous validation runs, a conceptual engine schematic, and a redacted simulation video. Proprietary control law constants have been removed from the data. Full methodology is described in the companion whitepaper. Continuation of prior work: Tokamak Asymmetric Toroidal Oscillator (Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15245905)
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Andrew Woodward (2026) studied this question.
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