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The aim is to explore the implications of non-time-orientability on CPT symmetry and fermion content.

May 22, 2026Open Access

Topological Origin of CPT Realization on Non-Time-Orientable Spacetimes

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The aim is to explore the implications of non-time-orientability on CPT symmetry and fermion content.
Utilized bordism groups and the Pin+ framework for theoretical analysis.
Identified algebraic relations and conjectures regarding spinor components and fermionic operators.
Developed four predictions based on the established theoretical framework.
Established that the bordism group Ω₄ᴾⁱⁿ⁺ = ℤ₁₆ requires right-handed neutrinos.
Showed that the Arf invariant corresponds to θ_F = π, with CMB topology signatures.
Predicted Kramers degeneracy and a fermion-boson dichotomy under specified conditions.

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Theoretical framework explores CPT symmetry in non-time-orientable spacetimes, revealing important implications.

Fangyuan Hao (2026) studied this question.

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