Early Diagnosis and Oncological Alertness in Ent Tumors: Modern Views and a Multidisciplinary Approach

Head and neck tumors remain one of the most significant challenges in modern oncology. These malignancies involve the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and adjacent anatomical regions. This article analyzes the epidemiology, major risk factors, causes of diagnostic delay, and current approaches to early detection of ENT tumors. Special attention is paid to the role of general practitioners, dentists, and otorhinolaryngologists in improving oncological alertness. The importance of morphological verification, endoscopic examination, and HPV/EBV-associated molecular markers is discussed. A multidisciplinary diagnostic algorithm adapted for clinical practice in Uzbekistan and CIS countries is proposed.