Digital trans-literacies on social media: the shaping effect on youth self-concept clarity and well-being

Previous studies have not investigated the mechanisms through which multilingual and multicultural practices on social media influence individuals’ self-concept clarity (SCC) and well-being. This mixed-method study examines the impact of youths’ translanguaging practices (flexible use of multiple languages and diverse semiotic resources) on social media on their online identity expression/exploration, SCC, and subjective well-being, which includes life satisfaction and positive affect. The survey findings suggest that translanguaging significantly enhances online identity expression/exploration and subjective well-being and negatively impacts SCC. It is also found that translanguaging’s effects on SCC and subjective well-being are mediated by online identity expression and exploration. Interestingly, while online identity expression and exploration enhances subjective well-being, it reduces SCC, creating a complex interplay of effects. Furthermore, this study conceptualizes the notion of digital trans-literacies, encompassing digital translanguaging with digital literacies as both competences and social practices. This study contributes to understanding the dual role of digital translanguaging practices, highlighting their potential to promote online identity exploration and subjective well-being, while also posing challenges to SCC. The implications for enhancing youths’ social media engagement are discussed.