Long‐Term Evaluation of Density and Biomass of Pollicipes pollicipes Along the Basque Coast (N of Spain), and Relation to Wave Energy Changes

The goose barnacle ( Pollicipes pollicipes ), a valuable intertidal species, is overexploited along the Basque coast, with biomass often far below levels predicted by wave energy models. A 22‐year study (2002–2024) shows that while wave energy strongly correlates with barnacle abundance, illegal and unregulated harvesting has led to significant stock depletion. Some recovery has occurred since 2014, likely due to the increasing wave energy received. Comparison with regions like Galicia and Asturias highlights the effectiveness of comanagement systems involving fishers and authorities, with structured exploitation plans, quotas, and monitoring. In contrast, passive management in the Basque Country has proven insufficient. Only a few sites now exceed biomass thresholds. Lessons from Canada and Southwest Europe emphasize that sustainable recovery requires stricter enforcement, rotational harvesting, extended closures, and fisher participation. Without urgent, coordinated action, the long‐term viability of goose barnacle populations in the Basque Country remains at risk.