Advancements in Hemorrhoid Treatment: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Managing Prolapsed Edematous Cases - A Narrative Review

Hemorrhoidal disease, characterized by the swelling and inflammation of anal and rectal veins, is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Prolapsed edematous hemorrhoids, a severe form of this condition, involve the painful protrusion of swollen hemorrhoidal tissue, often associated with edema, bleeding, and complications such as thrombosis. These cases can significantly affect patients' quality of life, necessitating effective and minimally invasive treatment options. Traditional therapies, including conservative measures and surgical interventions, are often associated with complications and high recurrence rates. Recent advancements have led to increased interest in hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan, for its therapeutic potential in managing prolapsed edematous hemorrhoids. HA plays a critical role in tissue hydration, inflammation regulation, and wound healing. Its hydrophilic properties help to reduce edema, promote tissue regeneration, and alleviate the symptoms associated with hemorrhoidal disease. This review explores the current literature on the application of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of prolapsed edematous hemorrhoids. It examines the mechanisms through which HA exerts its effects, such as reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue hydration. Clinical evidence supporting its efficacy and safety is discussed, along with comparisons to traditional treatment modalities, such as rubber band ligation and sclerotherapy. The review also identifies gaps in current research and highlights areas requiring further investigation to optimize HA-based therapies for hemorrhoid management. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid offers a promising, non-invasive treatment option for prolapsed edematous hemorrhoids, with the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the need for invasive interventions.