A Sub 1-V Constant <formula><tex>Gₘ</tex></formula>–<formula> <tex>C</tex></formula> Switched-Capacitor Current Source

A switched-capacitor bias that provides a constant G m -C characteristic over process and temperature variation is presented. The bias can be adapted for use with subthreshold circuits, or circuits in strong inversion. It uses eight transistors, five switches, and three capacitors, and performs with supply voltages less than 0.9 V. Theoretical output current is derived, and stability analysis is performed. Simulated results showing an op-amp with very consistent pulse response are presented