The Diversity of Corporate Offending. A Case Study on Dutch Inland Shipping

This research focused on the offending diversity as an element of the corporate criminal career. Regulatory inspection data from four Dutch monitoring agencies collected between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed. First, the diversity index score (D) was calculated. Next, using Latent Class Analysis, the nature of the observed diversity was studied. The results show that ships and businesses fall into three categories. Those that are specialized, those with a tendency toward specialized behavior, and those with a tendency toward generalized behavior. No group with fully generalized offending behavior was identified. The Latent Class Analysis further revealed the clustering in the nature of offending behavior in this particular population. Potential explanations for offending behavior at distinct diversity levels are discussed.