Why the study?
Despite attention to classic risk factors, CVD incidence and prevalence remain high, prompting increased focus on non-traditional risk factors contributing to CVD development.
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Design
Review
Addressing non-traditional risk factors such as sleep disorders, psychosocial stress, and environmental exposure may be crucial for further reducing the residual risk of cardiovascular disease beyond traditional risk factor modification.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, and smoking, have been well identified and given increased attention in clinical practice. However, the incidence and prevalence of CVD remains high, especially in developing countries. Therefore, there has been more attention to non-traditional CVD risk factors such as gut microbiota, sleep disorders, dietary structure, and psychosocial factors in their important roles in the development of CVD. In this review we summarize the association of non-traditional risk factors with CVD with the aim of further reducing the risk of CVD.
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Wang et al. (2023) studied this question.
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