Bandura (1982, 1986) contended that psychological procedures change behavior in part by creating and strengthening perceived self-efficacy, or personal beliefs about one's performance capabilities in a given domain. Self-efficacy influences choice of activities, effort expended, persistence, and task accomplishments. Individuals acquire information about their self-efficacy through their actual performances, vicarious (observational) experiences, forms of persuasion, and physiological indexes (e.g., heart rate, sweating).
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Schunk et al. (1989) studied this question.