Certain polyoxometalate anions strongly chemisorb on the surface of carbon black aggregates. Together with an ultrasound treatment, this adsorption constitutes the driving force for the splitting of initially big carbon particles into smaller units. The negative charge generated at the particle surface favors the formation of a colloidal suspension and allows the controlled generation of carbon nanoparticles.
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Garrigue et al. (2004) studied this question.
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