Features of Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Lower Limb Arteries in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a systemic impact on the vascular system, including the arteries of the lower extremities. The damage to these vessels is a combination of atherosclerosis and specific diabetic angiopathy, which makes the clinical picture unique. These changes lead to a high risk of ischemia, the development of diabetic foot, infectious complications, and in severe cases, limb amputation. Objective: To study the clinical and morphological features of atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limb arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and compare them with patients without diabetes. Object and methods of research: The study was conducted on 147 patients, with 85 individuals in the main group (patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus), and 62 patients in the control group (with type 2 diabetes mellitus). The research methods included ultrasound duplex scanning, contrast angiography, transcutaneous oximetry, analysis of erythrocyte rigidity, and thermographic examination of the lower limbs. Results: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed significantly more pronounced damage to the lower limb arteries compared to patients without diabetes. This group more frequently exhibited trophic ulcers and gangrene. Conclusion: The necessity of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with atherosclerotic changes, including early diagnosis and individualized therapy selection to improve prognosis.