Toward an inclusive bioeconomy framework for global mountains

Global mountain regions have great biological, cultural, and spiritual value for people around the world, but progress in efforts to conserve montane resources has been slow. International researchers are now acting to construct a bioeconomy framework for global mountains that includes biodiversity, cultural protection, and restoration, circular economy principles, biotechnology innovation, digital integration, sustainable fair trade, and social equity and justice. Plans in five mountain regions are reviewed for initial actions to implement this framework.