Key result
High concentrate diet reduces serum lipids and boosts liver glycogen and thyroid hormones in dairy cows.
Why the study?
High concentrate diets can cause metabolic disorders in dairy cows, but research on the role of abnormal hormone secretion in these disorders remains limited.
Does a high concentrate diet induce abnormal thyroid hormone secretion and hepatic metabolic disorders in mid-lactating dairy cows?
Does a high concentrate diet induce abnormal thyroid hormone secretion and hepatic metabolic disorders in mid-lactating dairy cows?
A high concentrate diet in lactating dairy cows induces abnormal thyroid hormone secretion, which participates in hepatic metabolic disorders by regulating glycometabolism and lipid metabolism.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May alter thyroid and hepatic metabolism in dairy cows; leaves open relevance to metabolic disorders or other species.
Background Feeding a high concentrate diet is widely used to satisfy high milk yields, however, if used over a longer term it can cause metabolic disorders. Abnormal secretion of hormones is one of the important causes of metabolic disorders caused by high concentrate diet, however, the related research is still limited. In total, 12 mid-lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to HC group (60% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6) or LC group (40% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6). All cows were slaughtered at the 21st day, and blood and liver samples were collected. Results Compared with LC group, HC group showed reduced serum triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and increased liver glycogen and glucose (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that genes related to gluconeogenesis, namely, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) were significantly upregulated and accompanied greater gluconeogenic protein expression in HC group (P < 0.05). The expression of hepatic genes and proteins related to lipogensis, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were downregulated in HC group (P < 0.05). However, the expression of genes and proteins related to β-oxidation, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) were significantly increased in HC group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum cortisol, thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and liver FT3 elevated significantly in HC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of thyroid hormone receptor (THR) upregulated at gene and protein levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions Taken together, this study first reports that abnormal secretion of TH induced by high concentrate diet participates in metabolic disorders, and it regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism through its actions on the liver in lactating dairy cows.
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Chen et al. (2021) studied Lactating dairy cows (n=12). High concentrate diet vs. Low concentrate diet (40% concentrate of dry matter) was evaluated on Serum triglyceride, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (p=<0.05). A high concentrate diet in lactating dairy cows significantly reduced serum lipids and increased liver glycogen, glucose, and thyroid hormones compared to a low concentrate diet.
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