Empowering energy citizenship: Exploring dimensions and drivers in citizen engagement during the energy transition

One fundamental aspect of the energy transition involves fostering the active involvement of citizens in the energy system, going beyond their traditional roles as mere "consumers" or "customers." This shift hinges on individuals' perceptions and displays of energy citizenship. While no universal consensus exists, indicators of energy citizenship include increased awareness of energy issues, incorporation of energy considerations into lifestyle choices, and direct participation in the energy system. Despite this acknowledgement, the current literature lacks an overarching conceptual framework for understanding energy citizenship. This study employs a hybrid methodology, merging systematic and integrative literature reviews. The objective is to explain how existing studies conceptualise energy citizenship, outlining key dimensions and drivers in the literature. The findings reveal that drivers of energy citizenship span socio-political, economic, environmental, psychological, and ethical dimensions.