Educational Potential of the Metaverse

Metaverse-based technologies like virtual and augmented reality hold great potential for active, student-centered learning. However, research has mainly focused on the technological aspects rather than the pedagogical models for designing immersive learning experiences. This study reviews 129 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus on pedagogical models for metaverse-based education to identify best practices and propose future recommendations. Findings indicate that the metaverse positively influences learning, especially in formal education contexts, yet it remains underused in informal and non-formal education and among younger learners. While collaborative learning is a common approach, more structured activity design is needed for balanced participation and meaningful interaction. This study provides recommendations for aligning educational goals with metaverse-based learning, highlighting the best practices and gaps in student-centered learning, and concludes that integrating technology with effective pedagogy is essential to realizing the metaverse's full potential in education.