Predictors of Depression and Death Anxiety Among Filipino Older Adults: The Roles of Meaning in Life, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction

In sociocultural situations where aging is firmly associated with family roles, spirituality, and reliance, depression and death anxiety are prevalent mental health issues among older individuals. Although their functions may vary depending on the situation, psychological resources, such as purpose in life, self-worth, and life satisfaction, are often considered protective in later life. This descriptive–correlational study examined the relationships between meaning in life, self-esteem, life satisfaction, depression, and death anxiety among 119 community-dwelling older Filipinos aged 60 years and older. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression in JAMOVI version 2.7.6. The standardized instruments included the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Revised Death Anxiety Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. Regression analysis revealed that while meaning in life and life satisfaction independently predicted higher death anxiety, they independently predicted lower depression. After adjustment, self-esteem predicted neither outcome. These results suggest that psychological resources have distinct effects on mental health in later life, acting as protective factors against depressive symptoms and raising awareness of mortality. To promote healthy aging among older individuals, culturally responsive therapies that address existential factors and emotional well-being are necessary.