Co-Management of Natural Resources: The Long View from Northwestern Spain

Stakeholder co-management, a relatively new approach to environmental management, has come under criticism in recent years. The ethnographic and ethnohistorical record of co-management offers a rich body of experiences in responding to these criticisms. To illustrate, the history of local resource management of forests, water, land, and pastures in the upper Duero basin of Spain from the Reconquest to the liberal administrative reforms of the nineteenth century is discussed.