Addressing cheating in virtual proctored examinations: toward a framework of relevant mitigation strategies

As higher education is shifting to virtual teaching, examinations are increasingly conducted virtually, often proctored. Unfortunately, virtual proctored examinations – proctored remotely using technologies – can be prone to cheating. Some anti-cheating measures can be built into the virtual proctoring technologies, but cheating can still occur. Currently, we lack a comprehensive picture of how cheating may occur in virtual proctored examinations and how to best mitigate it. In this article we begin to develop such a picture by providing a more nuanced understanding of cheating practices in online proctored examinations, as well as recommended mitigation strategies.