Feedback, feedforward, and feedwithin are three types of strategic information in systems. Feedback enables all levels of living systems and some nonliving systems to map the environment, to gain a more realistic self-image, and to adjust performance on the basis of information about past results. Feedforward enables systems to scan environmental situations, to forecast trends, and to adjust performance in anticipation of changing environmental circumstances. Feedwithin enables systems to monitor internal situations and processes, to identify internal system needs, and to coordinate system parts in concerted action of the whole. There are heuristic and applied biases associated with each type of strategic information.
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Dodd H. Bogart (1980) studied this question.
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